Neuropsychological evaluation is critical for understanding which brain functions are impaired and which remain intact. An effective evaluation can tell the neuropsychologist how the injury or illness specifically affects thinking and behavior. Is the person able to concentrate on tasks? For how long? Under what conditions? Does it matter whether the information is verbal or nonverbal? Standard neurological or physical exams, and even neuroimaging studies (CT scan, MRI), cannot provide this information.
Neuropsychological evaluation may be essential to determine whether a person actually has a brain injury. This is especially true following "mild" brain injury, when effects of an injury may be subtle and easily confused with other factors, such as stress, medications, or depression. Was the person's brain really injured? How? Is impairment still evident? What is the cause of the impairment? How do emotional or psychological factors influence performance or concerns? Is the person's performance in the evaluation a true reflection of how he or she will behave and think on a day-to-day basis? If not, why not? These are the types of diagnostic questions a neuropsychologist can answer.
A number of real-life questions can be answered by neuropsychological evaluation. Is the person who was injured competent? Can he or she be left alone? Drive? Manage money? Live independently? Return to work or school? What type of treatment or therapy will be
needed?
Neuropsychological evaluation is also critical in monitoring the course of recovery or the effectiveness of rehabilitation. Is the person getting better? How much? Has treatment been helpful?
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